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Otto Wagner was an Austrian architect and urban planner whose work bridged Historicism and modernism in late 19th-century Vienna. He designed the Vienna Metro system, the Karlsplatz Stadtbahn station, and numerous residential buildings that combined functional efficiency with ornamental detail. His integration of iron, glass, and ceramic tile into public commissions established a model for integrating art and infrastructure. Wagner's theoretical writings on modern urban design influenced subsequent generations of architects across Europe.